Speaker:
Francesca Vitali <
https://deptmedicine.arizona.edu/profile/francesca-vitali-phd>.
Title:
Data fusion strategies for precision medicine and drug repurposing.
Abstract:
Data fusion strategies for precision medicine and drug repurposing. Over the last few
years, biomedical research and clinical practice have experienced an
incredible growth in terms of both amount and heterogeneity of data being collected and
leveraged for different types of analysis. This data explosion represents a great
opportunity to increase our knowledge about many biological mechanisms as well as to
improve medical processes (i.e., diagnosis, prognosis, therapy). However, not all big data
are created equal. The downside of data heterogeneity is it complicates integration
analysis. For example, clinical record data is highly heterogeneous, sparsely annotated,
and contains several measurement types and unstructured text fields, comprised of
ambiguous statements as well as varying levels of certainty, whereas genomic and imaging
data are crisp and densely annotated data with a low cardinality of distinct variables.
Integrating these data is particularly challenging when the molecular measurements are not
conducted on individual subjects. In order to take full advantage of the wide spectrum of
biomedical data available, advanced data integration tools need to be applied. In this
context, I will present data fusion strategies for precision medicine and drug
repositioning from my own research. These methods will include an approach for the
prediction of potential multi-target drug repurposing strategies and its performances when
applied to triple negative breast cancer. A second method that will be presented computes
patient similarities by integrating patient-specific genomic data and public biomedical
knowledge through a matrix tri-factorization approach. Finally, I will present a
network-based approach integrating genomic and drug data with Gene Ontology-based
information theoretic semantic similarities for the suggestion of new drug repurposing
candidates. These examples show the potential of developing new research hypotheses and
conducting predictive and data interpolation operations.